T tess domain 4 examples - This document has domain headers for each of the 4 domains and their dimensions with explanation as provided on the T-TESS rubric. It also includes blank pages to upload picture documentation to provide proof without the bulk of a box or expandable file folder.

 
Reinforcement (GLOW) Example Reinforcement area/dimension. Use specific language from the rubric. • Example: The teacher plans engaging, flexible lessons that encourage higher order thinking, persistence and achievement. (Dimension 1.4 – Activities) Self-analysis question. Ask a specific question to prompt the. Restaurante sam

Continue T-tess domain 4.1 examples Created OnDecember 28, 2019Last Updated OnDecember 28, 2019 Print Effective planning begins with measurable and explicit learning outcomes aligned to the TEKS and other relevant standards for learning. Here is an editable T - TESS Domain IV template of Evidence and Artifact Submission to be used by Teachers to submit to their Administrators. It will aid, both Teachers and Administrators in documenting all the evidence that Teachers may be required to submit for the T - TESS End of Year Summative/Teacher Evaluation. End-of-Year (EOY) Conferences should occur from mid-April through May, 2016 with all educators evaluated with the T-TESS system by May 16. This EOY Conference provides an opportunity for the appraiser and the teacher to summarize the year, to collect information that will provide evidence to score Domain 4 of the T-TESS Rubric, and to discuss ... Here is an editable T-TESS Domain IV template of Evidence and Artifact Submission to be used by Teachers to submit to their Administrators. It will aid, both Teachers and Administrators in documenting all the evidence that Teachers may be required to submit for the T-TESS End of Year Summative/Teacher Evaluation. cdn.ymaws.comfrom another supervisor, in addition to the teacher, to score this domain. Evidence for Scoring: Please remember that you are anchoring the scoring of Domain 4 in the T-TESS Rubric based on the evidence provided. “Proficient” is the performance level at which initial consideration begins until evidence is substantiated to score at another ... re le va n t a n d m e a nin g fu l le a rn in g - P os it ive ra pp ort a m o n g stu de nts Professional Practices and Responsibilities 4 . 1 : P r o f e s s i o n a l D e m e a n o r & E t h i c s 4 .2 : G o a l S e t tin g 4 .3 : P r o f e ss io n a l D e ve lo pm e n t 4 .4 : S ch o ol C o m m unit y I n vol ve m entUEA T-TESS Tip. Take evidence of successful completion of your Professional Development Plan to the end-of-year conference. Domain IV also relates to professional demeanor and school/community involvement. Keep any of those nice notes from parents, students, or colleagues and bring them to your meeting. This is evidence that can be used to ... 2.3 . The text message voting with post-it notes as a nontech backup - allowed for all students to communicate with the teacher at the beginning of class. The teacher uses formal and informal methods to measure student progress, then manages and analyzes student data to inform instruction. Domain 4: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 4a Reflecting on teaching • Accurate based on instructional outcomes • Specific examples from lesson Weighs lesson strengths •Offers viable alternatives for improvement 4b Managing Relevant Gifted and Talented Program Documentation and Evaluation Reinforcement (GLOW) Example Reinforcement area/dimension. Use specific language from the rubric. • Example: The teacher plans engaging, flexible lessons that encourage higher order thinking, persistence and achievement. (Dimension 1.4 – Activities) Self-analysis question. Ask a specific question to prompt the Contact Info. Four Capitol Mall Little Rock, AR 72201 Map & Directions. Hours: 8am - 4:30pm M-F Phone: 501-682-4475Teacher Evidence Sources Domain 1: Planning and Preparation … Domain 4 : Professional Responsibilities … Listening for analysis of what went well and didn’ t go well – Specific examples of reflection from the lesson – Ability to articulate strengths and areas for development – Capture student voice (survey, conversation w/ students), Domain 4 Evidence .A great deal of time was spent on reviewing the words at the beginning of the lesson (30.13 minutes). It was unclear whether that was necessary due to the students having difficulty with the There is text on most of the pages that will help guide you in the kinds of things that should be included in each dimension within the 4 domains of T-TESS. Use them as dividers for each section and add your evidence as you wish. Pages Included: 5 different binder covers. Planing Domain & Dimensions 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3.Domain 4: Professional Responsibilities Component Evidence* Indicator/“look-fors” Evidence Collection 4a: Reflecting on teaching Evaluator/teacher conversations - -Observations Teacher PD goals/plan Student / parent feedback - Revisions to lesson plans Notes to self / journaling Listening for analysis of what went wellDistinguished. Behaves in accordance with the Code of Ethics and Standard Practices for Texas Educators. Models all professional standards (e.g., attendance, professional appearance and behaviors) across the campus and district for educators and students. Advocates for the needs of all students in the classroom and campus.Fill out T Tess Observation Evidence Sheet Example in several clicks by simply following the instructions listed below: Find the template you want from our collection of legal forms. Select the Get form button to open the document and begin editing. Fill out all the necessary boxes (they are yellow-colored). The T-TESS Rubric. The T-TESS Rubric includes 4 Domains and 16 Dimensions. T-TESS domain and dimension rubrics include specific descriptors of practices and 5 performance levels; Distinguished, Accomplished, Proficient, Developing, and Improvement Needed. Domain 4: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 4a Reflecting on teaching • Accurate based on instructional outcomes • Specific examples from lesson Weighs lesson strengths •Offers viable alternatives for improvement 4b Managing Relevant Gifted and Talented Program Documentation and EvaluationThese standards helped mold the domains for the rubric used in the new Texas Teacher Evaluation Support System. Rubric: The T-TESS rubric consists of four domains: Planning, Instruction, Learning Environment, and Professional Practices and Responsibilities. The rubric is a tool that should motivate discussions about intentional support for ... from another supervisor, in addition to the teacher, to score this domain. Evidence for Scoring: Please remember that you are anchoring the scoring of Domain 4 in the T-TESS Rubric based on the evidence provided. “Proficient” is the performance level at which initial consideration begins until evidence is substantiated to score at another ...• Allows principals to get at the essence of the T-TESS domains instead of overwhelming teachers with too many components, elements, and attributes. • Enables principals to stretch themselves in order to have honest and honorable conversations about teacher practices out of their own color/ comfort zone. (See page 8 for color descriptors.) About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...1 - 2. Possible Artifacts for Domain 4:ProfessionalismIn regards to Domain 4, principals should look at documents that support the six elements. While PEDdoes not prescribe the articles of evidence in any of the domains, we do suggest a quality over quantityapproach. Many documents are already in place and readily applicable to multiple elements.cdn.ymaws.comFort Worth ISD T-TESS Procedures Manual 2019-2020 . Updated 9/18/2019 7 . T-TESS APPRAISAL PROCESS . FORM A Teacher Request for Appeal of T-TESS Observation Outcomes with First Appraiser . FORM B Teacher Appeal of T-TESS Observation Outcomes/Request for Second Appraiser . FORM C Agreement for Pre -Observation, Observation, and Post-Observation(Planning Domain) The teacher uses formal and informal strategies and tools appropriate to virtual instruction to measure student engagement and progress, then manages and analyzes student data toCommunication The teacher balances teacher directed and student directed communication. The teacher asked some procedural and clarifying questions throughout the lesson but seldom uses Jul 2, 2017 · There is text on most of the pages that will help guide you in the kinds of things that should be included in each dimension within the 4 domains of T-TESS. Use them as dividers for each section and add your evidence as you wish. Included: 5 different binder covers Planing Domain & Dimensions 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 Instruction Domain & Dimension 2.1-2.5 These standards helped mold the domains for the rubric used in the new Texas Teacher Evaluation Support System. Rubric: The T-TESS rubric consists of four domains: Planning, Instruction, Learning Environment, and Professional Practices and Responsibilities. The rubric is a tool that should motivate discussions about intentional support for ... The T-TESS Rubric. The T-TESS Rubric includes 4 Domains and 16 Dimensions. T-TESS domain and dimension rubrics include specific descriptors of practices and 5 performance levels; Distinguished, Accomplished, Proficient, Developing, and Improvement Needed.End-of-Year (EOY) Conferences should occur from mid-April through May, 2016 with all educators evaluated with the T-TESS system by May 16. This EOY Conference provides an opportunity for the appraiser and the teacher to summarize the year, to collect information that will provide evidence to score Domain 4 of the T-TESS Rubric, and to discuss ... Domain 4 - Professional Practices and Responsibilities‎ > ‎ 4.1 Professional Demeanor and Ethics Professional Demeanor and Ethics (Dimension 4.1) The teacher meets district expectations for attendance, professional appearance, decorum, procedural, ethical, legal and statutory responsibilities.T Teeaacchh err’’ ss ccllaassrr ooomm iiss ss aaffee,, anndd lleeaarrniinngg iiss aacccceesssiibbllee ttoo alll sttuuddenttss;; teacchheer uusses pphhyysiicaall rreessoouurrcess wweelll aanndd eenssuurres thhaatt tthhee aarrrraannggeemmeennt ooff ffuurrnniittuurree ssuuppppoorttss tthhee lleeaarrnniinngg accttiivviitieess.. A great deal of time was spent on reviewing the words at the beginning of the lesson (30.13 minutes). It was unclear whether that was necessary due to the students having difficulty with the • the teacher has never been appraised under the T-TESS; or • district policy regarding teacher appraisal has changed since the last time the teacher was provided a T-TESS orientation . New teachers must receive T-TESS training within three (3) weeks of their start date. T-TESS orientation may include online materials in addition to a face ...T-TESS is the Texas recommended appraisal process designed to evaluate teachers and establish a system of support. During the spring of 2014, a steering committee finalized the development ofthis new evaluation system whichdirectly correlatesto the new Texas Teacher Standards outlined in Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 149.This product contains covers and dividers for different teacher evaluation content. Contents includes the following dividers/covers in 2 themes: - T.E.S.S-Teacher Evaluation -Domain 1 -Domain 2 -Domain 3 -Domain 4 -Artifacts -A list of sub-domains, with examples, and a place to document how you met that parti DOMAIN 4 The teacher makes a thoughtful and accurate assessment of a lesson’s effectiveness and the extent to which it achieved its instructional outcomes, citing many specific examples from the lesson and weighing the relative strengths of each. Drawing on an extensive repertoire of skills, the teacher offers specific alternative actions,Critical Attributes of Level 4 •The teacher’s assessment of the lesson is thoughtful and includes specific indicators of effectiveness. Example: The teacher says, “I think that lesson worked pretty well , although I was disappointed in how the group at the back table performed.” •The teacher’s suggestions for improvement drawDomain 4 of the T-TESS Rubric. • Celebrate accomplishments and acknowledge areas of growth. • Discuss next year’s goal(s) and professional development plan. Unlike Domains 1-3, Domain 4 is not scored in summative form until teachers have been afforded the opportunity to present evidence related to the four dimensions during the EOY ... • the teacher has never been appraised under the T-TESS; or • district policy regarding teacher appraisal has changed since the last time the teacher was provided a T-TESS orientation . New teachers must receive T-TESS training within three (3) weeks of their start date. T-TESS orientation may include online materials in addition to a face ... DOMAIN 4 The teacher makes a thoughtful and accurate assessment of a lesson’s effectiveness and the extent to which it achieved its instructional outcomes, citing many specific examples from the lesson and weighing the relative strengths of each. Drawing on an extensive repertoire of skills, the teacher offers specific alternative actions,T-TESS Rubric 1. PLANNING DIMENSION 1.1. Standards and Alignment. The teacher designs clear, well-organized, sequential lessons that reflect best practice, align with standards and are appropriate for diverse learners. Standards Basis: 1A, 1B, 3A, 3B, 3C. Distinguished. STUDENT-CENTERED ACTIONS TEACHER-CENTERED ACTIONS. Instructional Planning ... The following shows the minimum average scores across T-TESS domains 2 and 3 to achieve each level of designation (Recognized, Exemplary, and Master). The minimum average scores were derived from an analysis of T-TESS observations from across the state with scores on a 1 to 5 scale.The following shows the minimum average scores across T-TESS domains 2 and 3 to achieve each level of designation (Recognized, Exemplary, and Master). The minimum average scores were derived from a statewide analysis of T-TESS observations with scores on a 1 to 5 scale.T-TESS Appraiser Sample Conferencing Questions 1.1 Standards and Alignment • How are the goals for learning aligned to state contentstandards? • How will technology be integrated into the lesson to support mastery of the lesson’s goals? • How do you plan for activities, materials, and assessments that are sequenced and relevant to students? T-TESS Appraiser Sample Conferencing Questions 1.1 Standards and Alignment • How are the goals for learning aligned to state contentstandards? • How will technology be integrated into the lesson to support mastery of the lesson’s goals? • How do you plan for activities, materials, and assessments that are sequenced and relevant to students?Communication The teacher balances teacher directed and student directed communication. The teacher asked some procedural and clarifying questions throughout the lesson but seldom uses goal(s) and T-TESS Rubric domains, dimensions, and descriptors. • Discuss progress toward the goals with the appraiser. • Modify your goals, if necessary, based on appraiser approval. • Obtain additional supports from the appraiser and/or colleague(s), if needed. Formative Reviews (Throughout the School Year) To periodically assess how the articulated in Domain 4. End-of-Year Conference (Domain 4 Aspect) This EOY Conference provides an opportunity for the appraiser and the teacher to summarize the year, to collect information that will provide evidence to score Domain 4 of the T- TESS Rubric, and to discuss next year’s goal(s) and professional development plan.The teacher uses formal and informal methods to measure student progress, then manages and analyzes student data to inform instruction. Fill out T Tess Observation Evidence Sheet Example in several clicks by simply following the instructions listed below: Find the template you want from our collection of legal forms. Select the Get form button to open the document and begin editing. Fill out all the necessary boxes (they are yellow-colored). Amanda Waggoner TESS Portfolio 2013-2014. Amanda Waggoner. Views: 312. Useful: 0. Copy of NCSLMC Artifacts Evidence Binder. Lucrece Medlicott. Views: 105. Useful: 1. Fugate TESS Artifacts Evidence Binder 2013-2... T-TESS is a continuous improvement evaluation system, focused on teacher growth and development. True, because teachers are expected to continually improve in their craft and practice. An effective teacher knows that they need strong understanding about which of the following as they plan their lessons. the students background, learning gaps ...aspects of T-TESS, district policy considerations for implementing T-TESS, and the purpose and goals for those implementing T-TESS. Included are comments and suggestions that reflect the best practices and insights collected from the practical experiences of district personnel who were integral to the implementation of T-TESS during the pilot year.Charlene Tess. In this sentence-combining creative writing activity bundle, students will read examples of how to combine a cluster of sentences, practice combining sentences, and then write a descriptive paragraph or two as a creative writing exercise.You will save 20% by buying all 4 resources at the same time. annually on Domain IV of T-TESS All teachers not meeting the criteria for a “Full T-TESS Observation and Evaluation” are eligible for a biennial, less-than-annual formal observation All teachers will be evaluated annually on Domain IV of T-TESS Domain IV-only teachers may waive the 45 minute observationT-TESS (Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System) is a teacher evaluation and development system designed to support teachers in their professional growth. The T-TESS goals are individualized for each teacher and may vary based on their specific needs and focus areas. Here are a few examples of T-TESS goals: 1. Here is an editable T - TESS Domain IV template of Evidence and Artifact Submission to be used by Teachers to submit to their Administrators. It will aid, both Teachers and Administrators in documenting all the evidence that Teachers may be required to submit for the T - TESS End of Year Summative/Teacher Evaluation.This document has domain headers for each of the 4 domains and their dimensions with explanation as provided on the T-TESS rubric. It also includes blank pages to upload picture documentation to provide proof without the bulk of a box or expandable file folder.T-TESS Appraiser Sample Conferencing Questions 1.1 Standards and Alignment • How are the goals for learning aligned to state contentstandards? • How will technology be integrated into the lesson to support mastery of the lesson’s goals? • How do you plan for activities, materials, and assessments that are sequenced and relevant to students?Dimension 4.3: Professional Development Working on an English II PLC has created a cohesive structure to my student teaching. The professional community at Bowie HS is enhanced by team collaboration where students benefit as a result. The PLC constantly sets new expectations and there is a degree of improvement each six-weeks.T-TESS is the Texas recommended appraisal process designed to evaluate teachers and establish a system of support. During the spring of 2014, a steering committee finalized the development ofthis new evaluation system whichdirectly correlatesto the new Texas Teacher Standards outlined in Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 149.cdn.ymaws.com from another supervisor, in addition to the teacher, to score this domain. Evidence for Scoring: Please remember that you are anchoring the scoring of Domain 4 in the T-TESS Rubric based on the evidence provided. “Proficient” is the performance level at which initial consideration begins until evidence is substantiated to score at another ...Contact Info. Four Capitol Mall Little Rock, AR 72201 Map & Directions. Hours: 8am - 4:30pm M-F Phone: 501-682-4475 There is text on most of the pages that will help guide you in the kinds of things that should be included in each dimension within the 4 domains of T-TESS. Use them as dividers for each section and add your evidence as you wish. Included: 5 different binder covers Planing Domain & Dimensions 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 Instruction Domain & Dimension 2.1-2.5T Teeaacchh err’’ ss ccllaassrr ooomm iiss ss aaffee,, anndd lleeaarrniinngg iiss aacccceesssiibbllee ttoo alll sttuuddenttss;; teacchheer uusses pphhyysiicaall rreessoouurrcess wweelll aanndd eenssuurres thhaatt tthhee aarrrraannggeemmeennt ooff ffuurrnniittuurree ssuuppppoorttss tthhee lleeaarrnniinngg accttiivviitieess.. T-TESS Flip Chart-Full Domains (Region 17) T-TESS Flip Chart-Full Domains- [Assembled for Purchase] (Region 13) T-TESS Look For Cards (Region 17) T-TESS Scripting Form (Region 9) T-TESS Post-Conference Planning Template (Region 9) Elementary Orientation Materials (Full Day) Teacher Handout 1- T-TESS Rubric; Teacher Handout 2- Elementary Charlene Tess. In this sentence-combining creative writing activity bundle, students will read examples of how to combine a cluster of sentences, practice combining sentences, and then write a descriptive paragraph or two as a creative writing exercise.You will save 20% by buying all 4 resources at the same time. Amanda Waggoner TESS Portfolio 2013-2014. Amanda Waggoner. Views: 312. Useful: 0. Copy of NCSLMC Artifacts Evidence Binder. Lucrece Medlicott. Views: 105. Useful: 1. Fugate TESS Artifacts Evidence Binder 2013-2... cdn.ymaws.comComponents of T-TESS . With the inclusion of student growth, T -TESS is composed of two different measures – the rubric and student growth – that determine where a teacher is in his or her practice for the purposes of pinpointing areas of reinforcement and refinement. Evidence to determine where a teacher is on those measuresDimension 4.3: Professional Development Working on an English II PLC has created a cohesive structure to my student teaching. The professional community at Bowie HS is enhanced by team collaboration where students benefit as a result. The PLC constantly sets new expectations and there is a degree of improvement each six-weeks.T-TESS (Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System) is a teacher evaluation and development system designed to support teachers in their professional growth. The T-TESS goals are individualized for each teacher and may vary based on their specific needs and focus areas. Here are a few examples of T-TESS goals: 1.

Any content area – student engagement. For the 2012 – 13 school year, I will improve my ability to engage students in their learning by attending and implementing Rigor and Relevance training, researching and implementing strategies for engaging students in rigorous learning, and refining my use of student involved formative assessment .... What does i meaning in text

t tess domain 4 examples

EXAMPLES of ARTIFACTS Note: This is a brainstormed list of possible artifacts. Teachers should use artifacts that are reflective of their own work. The following are examples ONLY and not meant to provide an exhaustive list. TESS Examples of ARTIFACTS 1 Revised 3/1/2021 Domain 1: Planning and Preparations. a. Knowledge of Content and PedagogyDonna ISD / Homepage T‐TESS Required for All Teachers New to T‐TESS to Develop an Ini al GSPD Plan Recommended for Formal Observa ons Required for the First 45‐Minute Formal Observa on Recommended for Oth‐ er Observa ons Required for All Teachers New to T‐TESS Teacher’s Second Year and Beyond with T‐TESS (Only RequiredThe premium Pro 50 GB plan gives you the option to download a copy of your binder to your local machine.Learn MoreEXAMPLES of ARTIFACTS Note: This is a brainstormed list of possible artifacts. Teachers should use artifacts that are reflective of their own work. The following are examples ONLY and not meant to provide an exhaustive list. TESS Examples of ARTIFACTS 1 Revised 3/1/2021 Domain 1: Planning and Preparations. a. Knowledge of Content and PedagogyThe T-TESS Rubric. The T-TESS Rubric includes 4 Domains and 16 Dimensions. T-TESS domain and dimension rubrics include specific descriptors of practices and 5 performance levels; Distinguished, Accomplished, Proficient, Developing, and Improvement Needed. The T-TESS Rubric. The T-TESS Rubric includes 4 Domains and 16 Dimensions. T-TESS domain and dimension rubrics include specific descriptors of practices and 5 performance levels; Distinguished, Accomplished, Proficient, Developing, and Improvement Needed. cdn.ymaws.com Any content area – student engagement. For the 2012 – 13 school year, I will improve my ability to engage students in their learning by attending and implementing Rigor and Relevance training, researching and implementing strategies for engaging students in rigorous learning, and refining my use of student involved formative assessment ...Critical Attributes of Level 4 •The teacher’s assessment of the lesson is thoughtful and includes specific indicators of effectiveness. Example: The teacher says, “I think that lesson worked pretty well , although I was disappointed in how the group at the back table performed.” •The teacher’s suggestions for improvement drawDomain 4: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 4a Reflecting on teaching • Accurate based on instructional outcomes • Specific examples from lesson Weighs lesson strengths •Offers viable alternatives for improvement 4b Managing Relevant Gifted and Talented Program Documentation and Evaluation T‐TESS Required for All Teachers New to T‐TESS to Develop an Ini al GSPD Plan Recommended for Formal Observa ons Required for the First 45‐Minute Formal Observa on Recommended for Oth‐ er Observa ons Required for All Teachers New to T‐TESS Teacher’s Second Year and Beyond with T‐TESS (Only Required proficiency levels in all domains 3. Use activities that address all language domains 4. ALWAYS provide wait time, then follow with necessary support 5. Lowering of the affective filter Dimension: 2.4 Differentiation Teacher differentiates instruction, aligning methods and techniques to diverse student needs. 1. Individualized lessons 2.Domain 4: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 4a Reflecting on teaching • Accurate based on instructional outcomes • Specific examples from lesson Weighs lesson strengths •Offers viable alternatives for improvement 4b Managing Relevant Gifted and Talented Program Documentation and Evaluationfrom another supervisor, in addition to the teacher, to score this domain. Evidence for Scoring: Please remember that you are anchoring the scoring of Domain 4 in the T-TESS Rubric based on the evidence provided. “Proficient” is the performance level at which initial consideration begins until evidence is substantiated to score at another ...T Teeaacchh err’’ ss ccllaassrr ooomm iiss ss aaffee,, anndd lleeaarrniinngg iiss aacccceesssiibbllee ttoo alll sttuuddenttss;; teacchheer uusses pphhyysiicaall rreessoouurrcess wweelll aanndd eenssuurres thhaatt tthhee aarrrraannggeemmeennt ooff ffuurrnniittuurree ssuuppppoorttss tthhee lleeaarrnniinngg accttiivviitieess.. proficiency levels in all domains 3. Use activities that address all language domains 4. ALWAYS provide wait time, then follow with necessary support 5. Lowering of the affective filter Dimension: 2.4 Differentiation Teacher differentiates instruction, aligning methods and techniques to diverse student needs. 1. Individualized lessons 2.Amanda Waggoner TESS Portfolio 2013-2014. Amanda Waggoner. Views: 312. Useful: 0. Copy of NCSLMC Artifacts Evidence Binder. Lucrece Medlicott. Views: 105. Useful: 1. Fugate TESS Artifacts Evidence Binder 2013-2...the T-TESS Rubric, and to discuss next year’s goal(s) and professional development plan. Unlike Domains 1-3, Domain 4: Professional Practices and Responsibilities, is not scored in summative form by the evaluator until after the teacher has been afforded the opportunity to presentThe following shows the minimum average scores across T-TESS domains 2 and 3 to achieve each level of designation (Recognized, Exemplary, and Master). The minimum average scores were derived from a statewide analysis of T-TESS observations with scores on a 1 to 5 scale..

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